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magnets from electrical and electronic equipment. These materials are then processed using hydrogen decrepitation to transform the NdFeB magnets into a hydrogenated powder. This powder can then be extracted mechanically from the obsolete devices, and can then be processed further to produce either sintered or bonded rare earth magnets.
As noted above, the calculated Gibbs energy of reactions of individual REE with atomic hydrogen (Table 1) is strongly negative, thereby predictive of rapid chemical decrepitation of the two-phase Nd-magnet within the temperature range of interest. These reactions can be expected to take place immediately … See moreAn essential information about history and applications of Hydrogen Decrepitation has been generally reported. Very important technical details about the HD route were summarized, as well as fabrication procedure of Nd16Fe76B8 permanent magnet. Some micro strucural of SEM images of hydride and sintered magnets were given to …Jan 1, 1991 · Abstract. In this paper we describe and discuss the use of hydrogen in the processing ofNdFeB-type magnets. The roles of hydrogen in the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) and hydrogenation, disproportionation, desorption and recombination (HDDR) processes are considered together with the characteristics of the magnets produced by these routes. Jan 1, 2018 · High-temperature demagnetization can, however, cause melting of components, e.g., plastics, glue, etc. Hydrogen decrepitation (Table 8.3), a more efficient alternative, has been suggested for processing of HDDs [34], [35]. The NdFeB magnets absorb hydrogen, expanding in volume with about 5%, which causes breaking into coarse granules or powder.
Hydrogen processing of magnetic scrap (HPMS) as one of the best approaches for magnet-to-magnet recycling is thoroughly reviewed in this study in terms …The desorption of hydrogen from NdFeB powder and unmilled material produced using hydrogen decrepitation as a premilling technique was investigated using a mass spectrometer to monitor the hydrogen partial pressure in the system as the sample was heated under vacuum from room temperature to approximately 1000 degrees C. A …The hydrogen decrepitation (HD) behaviors of various forms of the permanent magnet alloy Nd{sub 16}Fe{sub 76}B{sub 8} and stoichiometric composition Nd{sub 11.8}Fe{sub 82.3}B{sub 5.9} have been investigated to provide background information on the production of sintered magnets by the HD process. ... The procedure …
The behavior of hydrogen absorption in the NdFeB Hydrogen Decrepitation process is affected by the shape of the NdFeB alloy, pressure and temperature curves of the reaction process, which makes the reaction process with characteristics of nonlinear, time-varying parameters and coupling. In this study, we proposed a state space modeling …At these elevated tempera- tures the decrepitation process proceeded rapidly and particles were ejected from the sample on all sides, V.A. Yartys et al. / Journal of Alloys and Compounds 239 (1996) 50-54 53 Fig. 2. Surface of a plate ejected from the [001 ] aligned sintered Nd16FeTaB8 magnet at the first stage of hydrogen decrepitation.
Oct 25, 2015 · End-of-life NdFeB magnets are important secondary RE sources. Several recycling methods for NdFeB magnets have been developed, such as direct reuse,4 hydrogen decrepitation (HD) and regeneration of new NdFeB,5–7 pyrometallurgical methods,8,9 hydrometallurgical methods,10–13 gas-phase extraction. The reaction speed in the typical hydrogenation run (Fig. 1b, 1d) is limited only by the rate of the gas diffusion into the sample.When the reaction proceeds in deficiency of hydrogen (Fig. 1b) only a part of the Nd transforms into neodymium hydride NdH y as it follows from the diffraction pattern displayed in Fig. 2d.That pattern includes …Hydrogen decrepitation and recycling of NdFeB-type sintered magnets Zakotnik M, Devlin E, Harris IR, Williams AJ ... Environmental degradation of NdFeB magnets Yan GL, McGuiness PJ, Farr JPG, Harris IR Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2009;478:188-92 Oxidation of NdFeB-type magnets modified with additions of Co, Dy, Zr and V ...Abstract: Hydrogen decrepitation (HD) is an effective and environmentally friendly technique for recycling of neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets. During the HD process, the NdFeB breaksOct 1, 2020 · INET-3 is efficient to recover and separate Dy, Nd, and Co from NdFeB leachates. Its ΔpH 0.5 values of Fe-Dy, Dy-Nd, and Nd-Co are 0.35, 0.79, and 2.49, respectively. It is better to remove Fe 3+ by selective leaching and precipitation before Dy, Nd, and Co recovery and separation. 98% of Dy 3+ is recovered after four-stage counter-current extraction at A/O = 1:2 and equilibrium pH = 2.52.
Abstract. Some fully dense, sintered NdFeB-type magnets (employed in VCM disc drives) have been subjected to a recycling process using the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process. After a brief milling treatment, the powder was aligned, pressed and re-sintered and this procedure was repeated four times with a progressive fall in the density …
In this paper, the hydrogen processing of scrap magnets has been demonstrated as an extraction method for NdFeB from automotive rotors for the first time, with the aim to …
calcium [12] and hydrogen decrepitation [1,13-19]. Many of these are under current development. Hydrogen decrepitation (HD) is based on the selective synthesis of …Dec 25, 2017 · Recycling of Nd-Fe-B magnets is one of the few solutions to alleviate the supply risks of certain rare earth elements (REE) such as Nd and Dy. One of the most promising solutions with regards to extraction of end-of-life (EOL) magnets is to apply hydrogen decrepitation and to physically separate the Nd-Fe-B as a demagnetized hydrogenated powder. Novel hydrogen decrepitation behaviors of (La, Ce)-Fe-B strips. Jiaying Jin G. Bai +4 authors M. Yan. ... Doping with Dy/Tb is a current solution to improve the coercivity and the operating temperature of NdFeB magnets, by increasing the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the (Nd, Dy/Tb)2Fe14B (2:14:1) …NdFeB ingot exposed to hydrogen atmosphere due to the changes of hydride lattice parameters cracks. The process called HDDR (Hydrogenation - Decrepitation -D...The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical InformationThe room temperature hydrogenation causes decrepitation of the material, where the Nd-rich material forms NdH 2.7 and the Nd 2 Fe 14 B matrix grains form an interstitial hydrogen solution. The material expands by ∼5% and because of its brittle nature and differential expansion, undergoes decrepitation [16].
The processing and characterisation of recycled NdFeB-type sintered magnets. M. Degri. Materials Science, Engineering. 2014. A study of the processing and characterisation of sintered NdFeB magnets made from recycled feed stock was undertaken. Initially the hydrogen decrepitated (HD) powder was investigated using two…. Expand. The scrap sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets were recycled as the raw materials for bonded magnets using the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process. The HD powders have the lowest oxygen and hydrogen content by hydrogenation at 150 °C with 1 bar H2 pressure and dehydrogenation at 600 °C. The powders with the largest particle size (>380 μm) …Fully dense sintered NdFeB-type magnets have been subjected to the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process. The resultant powder has been subsequently processed in one of two ways in order to produce ...Feb 9, 2023 · Abstract The process of hydrogen decrepitation of the (Nd, Pr, Dy)(Fe, Co)2.6 alloy in wide temperature and pressure ranges has been studied. The choices of the chemical composition of the (Nd, Pr, Dy)(Fe, Co)2.6 alloy and the method of production of the initial alloy based on out-of-furnace calcium–thermal reduction are substantiated. The introduction of dysprosium into the alloy ... The behavior of hydrogen absorption and release in hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process of Nd-Fe-B alloys were investigated. The results reveal that the reactivity and the amount of hydrogen absorption in HD process are related to the surface activity of the alloy so that the fresh and active surface has a higher efficiency. The presence of Nd-rich phase at the …The processing and characterisation of recycled NdFeB-type sintered magnets. M. Degri. Materials Science, Engineering. 2014. A study of the processing and characterisation of sintered NdFeB magnets made from recycled feed stock was undertaken. Initially the hydrogen decrepitated (HD) powder was investigated using two…. Expand. Hydrogen decrepitation (HD) is an effective and environmentally friendly technique for recycling of neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets. During the HD process, the …
Received 21st February 2020, Accepted 5th March 2020. meric portion. The PA-free magnet powder was found to retain >90% of its original magnetic properties. Two epoxy-bonded magnets produced with this recycled magnet powder showed magnetic properties. DOI: 10.1039/d0gc00647e. The oxidation kinetics in air of a commercial NdFeB magnet have been investigated over the temperature range 335–500°C. The oxide microstructure has been characterized by SEM, XRD and cross-sectional TEM. The results show that the external scale formed consists of an outer layer of Fe2O3 and an inner layer of Fe3O4 but that the principal degradation …
The powders were produced by hydrogen decrepitation and on heating, hydrogen evolution occurred in two stages: firstly from the matrix phase (~170 ~ and then from the neodymium-rich phase (350-750 ~ The neodymium-rich phase melted at ~630 ~ and no significant microstructural changes occurred below this temperature.Hydrogen decrepitation (HD)/hydrogenation disproportionation desorption recombination (HDDR) is a process used in manufacturing REPM and carried out as pretreatment before green body sintering. During hydrogenation, the Nd-rich grain boundary phase in NdFeB magnets initially absorbs hydrogen forming Nd hydride: [ 49 ].Sagawa obtained ultrafine NdFeB grain by innovative HD (hydrogen-decrepitation) + HDDR (hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination) + helium jet milling process. It should be noted that the helium gas is more suitable than nitrogen gas to fabricate ultrafine powder due to its lighter mass fraction, and will also …May 1, 2023 · The hydrogen absorbed by the whole alloy and, in particular, by the Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase decreases with temperature. Below 150 °C, the hydrogen absorbed by the Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase produces a significant transgranular cracking that is undesirable for particle shape. At 300 °C, the fast and limited absorption of hydrogen by the Nd-rich phase ... Another example of the coercivity recovery in crushed NdFeB-type sintered magnets was made by adding the DyF 3 salt [8]. Furthermore, the production of anisotropic RE–Fe–B–Cu powders have also been produced by hydrogen decrepitation of hot deformed ingots [9] followed by degassing.Hydrogen absorption/adsorption properties of high coercivity NdDyFeCoNbCuB sintered magnets were determined. Hydrogenation kinetics were analyzed using both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hydrogenation of the Nd-rich intergranular phase results in a rather broad and large peak …Rare earth magnets based upon neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) are employed in many high tech applications, including h... Skip to main content. Sign In Create account . Journal Article OPEN ACCESS. THE USE OF THERMAL HYDROGEN DECREPITATION TO RECYCLE Nd-Fe-B MAGNETS FROM ELECTRONIC WASTE. Piotrowicz A; Pietrzyk S; …At these elevated tempera- tures the decrepitation process proceeded rapidly and particles were ejected from the sample on all sides, V.A. Yartys et al. / Journal of Alloys and Compounds 239 (1996) 50-54 53 Fig. 2. Surface of a plate ejected from the [001 ] aligned sintered Nd16FeTaB8 magnet at the first stage of hydrogen decrepitation.The powders were produced by hydrogen decrepitation and on heating, hydrogen evolution occurred in two stages: firstly from the matrix phase (~170 ~ and then from the neodymium-rich phase (350-750 ~ The neodymium-rich phase melted at ~630 ~ and no significant microstructural changes occurred below this temperature.Mar 1, 1985 · The hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process are studied in detail based on these results. The hydrogen absorption mechanism of Sm(CoFeCuZr) 7.6 alloy can be regarded as a hydrogen dissolution process without phase transformation. In addition, the existence of a large amount of fine grains in the SC has an adverse effect on the alignment, which can ...
Hydrogen Decrepitation is a process step used in the production of Neodymium magnets to create extremely small grains in the material. Neodymium magnets must have very small grains averaging about 5 micrometers in order to have the best magnetic properties. But the grain sizes after casting are much larger than that, so they must be ground down ...
Oct 1, 2015 · Hydrogen is already used to process cast NdFeB in the Hydrogen Decrepitation (HD) process. The HD process is used extensively to reduce bulk (or strip) cast NdFeB ingots to friable, hydrogenated NdFeB granules/powder, prior to the production of jet milled powder which is then aligned, compressed and sintered to form fully dense sintered magnets ...
Hydrogen decrepitation as a highly efficient and excellent crushing method is widely used in the preparation of NdFeB magnets. ... Expand. 1. Save. The processing and characterisation of recycled NdFeB based magnets. S. Adrwish. Materials Science, Engineering. 2013; The scrap magnets were turned into a powder using the HD process. …This means that NdFeB magnets are prone to galvanic corrosion, in particular, intergranular corrosion attack. The corrosion mechanism as well as the hydrogen decrepitation behaviour of microcrystalline (i.e. sintered) magnets has been studied extensively [11], [12], [13], [14].The HD-process converts the magnets possible to recover the hard magnetic powder from a to a powder due to the expansion of the material on particular device (e.g. hard disk drive or electric motor) hydrogen absorption. Recycling of NdFeB magnets by by simply exposing the complete system to a hydrogen this means has been proposed by Rivoirard ...Hydrogen decrepitation (HD) is an effective and environmentally friendly technique for recycling of neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets. During the HD process, the …calcium [12] and hydrogen decrepitation [1,13-19]. Many of these are under current development. Hydrogen decrepitation (HD) is based on the selective synthesis of …Broadening the knowledge about the hydrogen decrepitation of the NdFeB type materials is needed to better service the process e.g. for recycling (at room temperature only 4 out of 10 scrap magnets undergo decrepitation which is likely to be the result of the number and character of pin holes in the electroplated coatings and/or to possible ...The processing and characterisation of recycled NdFeB based magnets. S. Adrwish. Materials Science. 2013. The scrap magnets were turned into a powder using the HD process. The powder was milled for specific times and sintered for 1-3hrs at 1090 °C. The magnet samples were measured using a permeameter to…. Expand. PDF.A Hydrogen Decrepitation Press-Less Process (HD-PLP) recycling method for recycling of anisotropic NdFeB magnets is demonstrated. The method combines hydrogen decrepitation (HD) disintegration of the initial magnet, powder sieving and the Press-Less Process (PLP), where hydride powder is sintered in a graphite mold.Oct 30, 2018 · The Hydrogen Decrepitation and the Hydrogen Disproportionation Desorption Recombination processes for the preparation and the recycling of the two industrially produced phases of SmCo alloys, SmCo5 and Sm2Co17, are reviewed. The effects of the chemical composition, the microstructure, the exposure time, the hydrogen pressure, and the temperature on the hydrogen absorption are discussed. The ... The room temperature hydrogenation causes decrepitation of the material, where the Nd-rich material forms NdH 2.7 and the Nd 2 Fe 14 B matrix grains form an interstitial hydrogen solution. The material expands by ∼5% and because of its brittle nature and differential expansion, undergoes decrepitation [16] .A combination of hydrogen decrepitation (HD) and jet milling (JM) has been used to produce powder for the processing of permanent magnets. ... The procedure has proved to be very successful for both NdFeB (Neomax) alloys and the NdDyFeNbB high coercivity alloys. The magnets produced by the HD/JM process showed excellent …
@article{osti_37277, title = {Hydrogen decrepitation of sintered NdFeB magnets}, author = {Stiller, C and Roth, S and Binner, A}, abstractNote = {The kinetics of the hydrogen absorption and desorption behavior of a NdFeB sintered magnet is studied. Hydrogenation at temperatures above 200 C is used to crumble the Nd-enriched phase. …Jan 1, 2007 · The rapid cooling of the strip flakes suppresses the growth of soft α-Fe branch crystal grains. The thickness of the strip flakes was about 0.25–0.35 mm. Hydrogen decrepitation (HD), which uses the expansion of hydrogen to break up the flakes, was followed by milling in a jet mill (JM). The particles were then accelerated to supersonic ... Sadly, one of the most common RE magnets, NdFeB, is produced as powder by strip casting and jet milling or by hydrogen decrepitation process, both of which yield irregular/angular powders. Such irregular powders exhibit low flowability making them unfit for most advanced manufacturing techniques. This work presents the use of an induction ...Instagram:https://instagram. erodougasandw 38 special ctg serial number lookuplocation for churchkstp tv 5 eyewitness news Hydrogen decrepitation of Nd-Fe-B type magnet alloys is a two stage process. Firstly, the hydrogen reacts with the Nd-rich phase at or close to room … percent27s home improvement south semoran boulevard orlando fldiamonds 101 The intrinsic magnetic coercivity (H ci) of Nd‐Fe‐B‐based permanent magnet material is profoundly affected by hydrogen absorbed during the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process for producing anisotropic powders from bulk anisotropic hot‐deformed MAGNEQUENCH (MQ) magnets.Hydrogen (H) content and x‐ray diffraction … germantown halal meat and groceries A production-scale plant in Germany planned to go onstream in 2024 and a pilot plant launched a few months ago in the UK, expected to graduate to production-scale in 2023, are using the hydrogen-enabled process in efforts to commercialize it. At the center of both efforts is HyProMag Limited, closely tied to the University of Birmingham and an ...May 5, 2017 · The room temperature hydrogenation causes decrepitation of the material, where the Nd-rich material forms NdH 2.7 and the Nd 2 Fe 14 B matrix grains form an interstitial hydrogen solution. The material expands by ∼5% and because of its brittle nature and differential expansion, undergoes decrepitation [16].